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With its large land mass and long coastline, China has exceptional wind resources:〔(Oceans of Opportunity: Harnessing Europe’s largest domestic energy resource ) pp. 18-19.〕 it is estimated China has about 2,380 gigawatts (GW) of exploitable capacity on land and 200 GW on the sea.〔(Wind provides 1.5% of China's electricity ) Wind Power Monthly, 5 December 2011〕 At the end of June 2015, there were 105 GW of electricity generating capacity installed in China, more than the total nameplate capacity of China's nuclear power stations,〔http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/business/chinas-wind-power-capacity-to-hit-120-gigawatts-by-2015/articleshow/49428252.cms〕 In 2014 it generated 138 TWh of electricity, 2.6% of the total.〔http://cleantechnica.com/2015/01/28/chinas-wind-energy-output-dropped-2014/〕 This is up from the 2012 figure of 99 TWh of wind electricity provided to the grid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China was world's largest wind market in 2012 )〕 In 2011, China's plan was to have 100 GW of grid-connected wind power capacity by the end of 2015 and to generate 190 terawatt-hours of wind power annually. It achieved those targets early and expects 120GW of capacity at the end of 2015.〔http://www.businessinsider.in/Chinas-wind-power-capacity-to-hit-120-gigawatts-by-2015-end/articleshow/49428753.cms〕 The 190TWh goal may be more of a stretch because of connectivity and grid problems. China added 23GW of wind power capacity in 2104. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period (2016-2020), China will add more than 100 million kW of wind power capacity,〔http://www.bizjournals.com/prnewswire/press_releases/2015/10/14/MN27803〕 China has identified wind power as a key growth component of the country's economy; researchers from Harvard and Tsinghua University have found that China could meet all of their electricity demands from wind power through 2030.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=China Could Replace Coal with Wind )〕 However, in practice, the use of wind energy in China has not always kept up with the remarkable construction of wind power capacity in the country. In 2014, the US generated more electricity from wind, 167 TWh despite a lower capacity because of China's connectivity and grid capacity problems.〔 By the end of 2008, at least 15 Chinese companies were commercially producing wind turbines and several dozen more were producing components.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Caprotti Federico (2009) China's Cleantech Landscape: The Renewable Energy Technology Paradox ''Sustainable Development Law & Policy '' Spring 2009: 6–10 )〕 Turbine sizes of 1.5 MW to 3 MW became common. Leading wind power companies in China were Goldwind, Dongfang Electric, and Sinovel〔 along with most major foreign wind turbine manufacturers.〔Adrian Lema and K. Ruby, “Towards a policy model for climate change mitigation: China's experience with wind power development and lessons for developing countries”, Energy for Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, Issue 4.〕 China also increased production of small-scale wind turbines to about 80,000 turbines in 2008. Through all these developments, the Chinese wind industry appeared unaffected by the global financial crisis, according to industry observers.〔REN21 (2009). (Renewables Global Status Report: 2009 Update ) p. 16.〕 In 2010, China became the largest wind energy provider worldwide, with the installed wind power capacity reaching 41.8 GW at the end of 2010, but about a quarter of this was not connected to the grid;〔McDermott, Mat. ("One Quarter of China's Wind Power Still Not Connected to Electricity Grid" ) ''TreeHugger'', 7 March 2011. Retrieved: 11 July 2012;〕 by the end of 2012, 76 GW were installed of which 15 GW were not connected to the grid.〔 According to the Global Wind Energy Council, the development of wind energy in China, in terms of scale and rhythm, is absolutely unparalleled in the world. The National People's Congress permanent committee passed a law that requires the Chinese energy companies to purchase all the electricity produced by the renewable energy sector.〔http://www.platts.com/RSSFeedDetailedNews/RSSFeed/ElectricPower/6773195〕 As part of the environmental goals included in China’s 12th Five Year Plan (2011–2015) targets have been set for non-fossil energy to account for 11.4% of the total energy consumption, and for discharge per unit of GDP to reduce by 17%. == History == The largest domestic wind turbine manufacturer in China is Goldwind (金风科技股份有限公司) from Xinjiang province. Established in 1998, Goldwind aggressively developed new technology and expanded its market share, though this then decreased from 35% in 2006 to 19% in 2012.〔http://cn.goldwind.cn/en/index.asp〕〔Lema, Adrian and Kristian Ruby, (”Between fragmented authoritarianism and policy coordination: Creating a Chinese market for wind energy” ), Energy Policy, Vol. 35, Issue 7, July 2007〕 The next-largest are Guodian United Power Technology Company (a subsidiary of China Guodian Corporation) with 13% of 2012 installations, and Sinovel with 10%.〔 The China Longyuan Electric Power Group Corp., another subsidiary of China Guodian Corporation, was an early pioneer in wind farm operation; at one point it operated 40% of the wind farms in China.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wind Energy Businesses in China )〕 Chinese developers unveiled the world’s first permanent Maglev wind turbine at the Wind Power Asia Exhibition 2006 held June 28 in Beijing. The Zhongke Hengyuan Energy Technology company invested CN¥400 million in building the base for the maglev wind turbine generators, in which construction began in November 2007. Zhongke Hengyuan expects a yearly revenue of CN¥1.6 billion from the generators. According to reports from the 2007 China (Shanghai) International Wind Energy Exhibition held on April 10, 2007 at the Shanghai New International Exhibition Center, by 2010, 5% of Shanghai’s energy needs will be generated from wind power. Shanghai’s first domestically produced wind farm will locate in Lingang New Town; the 7 MW wind farm will begin generating power in early 2008 and the power generated from this wind farm will be connected to the Huadong Eastern China Power Grid. Over the past several years new wind farms have been built in Shanghai, including the Nanhui Wind Farm, the Qinjian Bay Wind Farm and the Chongming Dongtan (Eastern Beaches) Wind Farm. Together these three wind farms have 18 wind turbines with a total of 24.4 MW. In 2006 the Shanghai Power Company purchased 64.485 gigawatt-hours (GWh) of green energy (primarily from wind farms), yet the amount of renewable energy which was subscribed by customers from Shanghai Power Company was only 23% of that total. In 2006 there were just 6,482 households in Shanghai that subscribed to renewable energy in part because the cost of wind power is 0.53 Yuan/kWh higher than power produced from coal plants; in 2007 total output of wind farms in Shanghai will total 100 GWh, which is sufficient to power 120,000 households. Though there were 22 entities that purchased renewable energy in Shanghai, though with the exception of 1/3 of that total being state owned enterprises, the remainder was foreign invested enterprises. Shanghai’s city government did not purchase any renewable energy. Of the top ten power customers in Shanghai, only Bao Steel purchased renewable energy; in 2006 Bao Steel entered into an agreement to purchase 1.2 GWh over three years. The China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), aiming to diversify from its core oil and gas business, will be seeking international companies interested in cooperating with them to develop offshore wind farms, said CNNOOC president Fu Chengyu at a conference in Hainan Province on April 22, 2007. The nearest wind farm to China's capital is Guanting, about 90 minutes drive from the city centre near the Badaling section of the Great Wall. Although it is small — 47 wind turbines, it is set to grow to 100 turbines by next year. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wind power in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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